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First Zen Institute of America
The First Zen Institute of America is a Rinzai institution for laypeople established by Sokei-an in New York, New York in 1930 as the Buddhist Society of America〔Harvey, 207〕 (changing its name after World War II).〔Lippy, 110〕 The emphasis on lay practice has its roots in the history of the organization. In 1875, the Japanese Rinzai Zen master Imakita Kosen founded a Zen institute, Ryomokyo-kai, dedicated to reviving Zen in Japan by recruiting talented and educated lay people. Kosen's most celebrated disciple, Soyen Shaku, visited America in 1893 to attend the World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago. In 1902 he returned to America where he lectured and taught briefly. Soyen Shaku assigned responsibility for this lay Zen institute to his heir, Sokatsu Shaku. The First Zen Institute's founder, Sokei-an, was Sokatsu's student and came to America with him in 1906 to establish a Zen community. When Sokatsu returned to Japan in 1910, Sokei-an remained to season his Zen and familiarize himself with the American character. After wandering across America and perfecting his English, Sokei-an made several trips back to Japan and in 1924 received credentials from Sokatsu as a Zen master.
==History of the First Zen Institute==
In 1930, Sokei-an opened an American branch of Ryomokyo-kai in New York City and called it the Buddhist Society of America. Originally located on West 70th Street,〔Belgrad, 296-297〕 today the First Zen Institute of America occupies a brownstone on East 30th Street.〔Fields, 359〕 After Sokei-an died in 1945, the officers (George Fowler, president; Ruth Fuller Sasaki, vice president; and Mary Farkas, secretary) searched for a Japanese roshi who would go to New York to take up residence there. They particularly sought help from Goto Zuigan, Sokei-an's dharma brother.〔Stirling 2006, pp. 41-2〕 Ruth Sasaki went to Japan, in part to find a roshi who would return to New York with her. But it was not until 1955 that she was able to bring Miura Isshu back with her.〔Stirling 2006, pg. 71〕 Miura Roshi spent some time with the Institute, exploring the possibility of becoming resident roshi, but felt uncomfortable working with female leadership, and sent a letter of resignation in November 1963. He continued to reside in New York and teach selected students on an independent basis until his death in 1976.〔Stirling 2006, pp. 118-9〕 The Institute also had a branch in Kyoto, the First Zen Institute of America in Japan or ''Nichibei Daiichi Zen Kyokai'', founded by Ruth Sasaki in 1957.〔Stirling 2006, pg. 79〕
Poet Gary Snyder's study of Zen in Japan in 1956 was made possible by a grant from the First Zen Institute.〔Schelling, 297〕〔Gioia, et al.; 173〕
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